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The Pulter Project
pulterproject.northwestern.edu
Poem 83

The Piper of Hamelin
(Emblem 17)

Edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Wall
What begins as a poem heralding God’s ability to use animals to punish errant humans dramatically changes into a fable in which animal control is just a commercial venture gone bad. This poem briefly surveys a host of divine plagues, powered by the weapons of mass destruction that are God’s creatures: rabbits, moles, frogs, snakes, insects (even lice!), as well as that most notorious plague beast, the rat—which leads to a retelling of the still-familiar story of the pied piper of Hamelin kidnapping an entire town’s children when the town failed to pay him for clearing the rats. No mere horror story about stranger danger, as it has become for children and parents both today, this is Pulter’s unexpected morality tale about the problems of avarice and the importance of keeping one’s word. Grief for lost children, which Pulter represents so poignantly and personally elsewhere in her poems, is here just punishment for dishonorable action.
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i
1When God (who is to mercy most inclined)
2To punish or to
try1
hath once
designed2
3A people, each reptile or insect
4Or basest animal
will not neglect3
,
5But will their habitation so annoy,
6
Without a countermand, they’ll all destroy4
.
7
Thus5
Spain by rabbits,
moles made Thessaly6
,
8Locusts made Africa a desert lie;
9France frogs,
Amyclæ7
serpents, did destroy;
10Flies, lice, and frogs, all Egypt did annoy;
11
Gyaros8
, rats; and too, too many more
12Their sufferings (though not sins) did then
deplore9
.
13This made the town of
Hamelin10
stand in doubt11
,
14’Cause
of those vermin they had such a rout12
.
15They tried all ways,
as13
poisons, traps, and cats,
16Yet still their houses pestered were with rats.
17At last a piper chanced to come that way,
18With whom they bargained, for a certain pay,
19
Their town of these base loathsome beasts to free14
.
20The fruits of curséd avarice now see.
21This fellow piping went to
Weser15
brim,
22And all the rats ran dancing after him;
23Then instantly they skipped into the stream.
24Though some may
think’t16
a fiction or a dream,
25Yet true it is, for drowning was their fate;
26But how ’twas done, no story doth relate.
27For whether a
talisman17
he did take,
28
Five such of gold the Philistines did make18
,
29Or what he did, I think no man can say;
30But when he came and askéd for his pay,
31The
burghers19
in their gravity refused
32To pay the same; the piper, thus abused,
33Did vow revenge; they bid him do his worst.
34Now see how breach of promise is accursed.
35The fellow piping went away again,
36A hundred and thirty children in his train;
37Into a hill he led these
pretty boys20
,
38And thus their parents lost their hopes and joys;
39Which, with sad hearts, they now too late
deplore21
,
40For they, nor he, were ever heard of more.
41By these, their grievous suff’rings, you may see
42That breach of promise punished sure will be.
43Then keep your word, for better or for worse,
44Lest with these
Saxons22
you partake like curse.
Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.

Elemental Edition,

edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Walli

Editorial Note

The aim of the elemental edition is to make the poems accessible to the largest variety of readers, which involves modernizing spelling and punctuation as well as adding basic glosses. Spelling and punctuation reflect current standard American usage; punctuation highlights syntax which might otherwise be obscure. Outmoded but still familiar word forms (“thou,” “‘tis,” “hold’st”) are not modernized, and we do not modernize grammar when the sense remains legible.

After a brief headnote aimed at offering a “way in” to the poem’s unique qualities and connections with other verse by Pulter or her contemporaries, the edition features a minimum of notes and interpretative framing to allow more immediate engagement with the poem. Glosses clarify synonyms or showcase various possible meanings in Pulter’s time. Other notes identify named people and places or clarify obscure material. We rely (without citation) primarily on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the Oxford Reference database, and the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. When we rely on Alice Eardley’s edition of Pulter’s work, we cite her text generally (“Eardley”); other sources are cited in full. The result is an edition we consider a springboard for further work on Pulter’s poetry.

See the full conventions for the elemental edition here.

Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.
  • Leah Knight, Brock University
  • Wendy Wall, Northwestern University
  • try
    to subject to trial
  • designed
    marked out, designated; appointed, assigned, destined
  • will not neglect
    that is, God will not neglect these creatures
  • Without a countermand, they’ll all destroy
    The sense of the poem’s opening sentence is that, without a divine “countermand” (an order revoking God’s previous command), the creatures he has designated as plagues upon a given people will destroy everything in their path.
  • Thus
    In this and the next five lines, Pulter summarizes Pliny’s Natural History where he writes (in Book 8, Chapter 29) of “what cities and nations have been utterly destroyed by little beasts.” After noting that “much hurt and damage hath been known to come from small contemptible creatures, which otherwise are of no reckoning and account,” Pliny mentions many of the same creatures and locales as Pulter does. (C. Plinius Secundus The Historie of the World. Trans. Philemon Holland [1601]: pp. 192-234, https://penelope.uchicago.edu/holland/pliny8.html).
  • moles made Thessaly
    This phrase is completed in the next line: “moles made Thessaly … a desert lie.”
  • Amyclæ
    a city near Sparta in ancient Peloponnesia
  • Gyaros
    a Greek island
  • deplore
    lament, mourn, tell with grief
  • Hamelin
    a market town in Lower Saxony, Germany
  • stand in doubt
    to continue in a state of doubt, or, more likely here, “doubt” in the sense of apprehension or dread
  • of those vermin they had such a rout
    Pulter refers to the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, in which the town was infested with a rat plague (or “rout”: a crowd or pack, especially a noisy, disordered, or violent one).
  • as
    such as
  • Their town of these base loathsome beasts to free
    In the manuscript’s left margin, just below this poetic summary of the tale, is a reference to her source “See the story of this pied piper at large in Verstegan, folio 85”; see A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence (London, 1605), 85.
  • Weser
    a river in Germany
  • think’t
    think it
  • talisman
    charm
  • Five such of gold the Philistines did make
    God punishes the Philistines with destruction and hemorrhoids for taking the Ark of Covenant; to be relieved of their sufferings, the Philistines are told to present to God five golden emerods and five golden mice.
  • burghers
    “’s” in darker ink; “r” could be another “s”
  • pretty boys
    Several early modern English sources for the Pied Piper story, including Verstegan’s, say that it was specifically the town’s boys that the piper lured away, whereas others do not specify the gender of the children. Interestingly, Peter Heylyn’s Mikrokosmos (London, 1625) explicitly draws his account from “a story recited by Verstegan,” but instead of “a number of boyes,” it is “all the children male and female of the Towne” who follow the piper in his account (p. 364).
  • deplore
    lament; tell with grief; mourn; give up as hopeless
  • Saxons
    inhabitants of Saxony, here referring to the people of Hamelin in Lower Saxony
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