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The Pulter Project
pulterproject.northwestern.edu
Poem 44

A Solitary Discourse1

Edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Wall
Does sunrise inspire joy? Or is it a sorrowful reminder that earthbound humans hope to glimpse a heaven that remains frustratingly out of reach, entrapping them in cycles of darkness and light? In this poem, the speaker shifts abruptly in her assessment, as she alternately commands her soul to rejoice at the empowering beauty of dawning light and scolds herself for forgetting the futility of such mortal indulgences. Seeing the dawn awakens contradictory feelings; as the speaker declares, the sun “dazzles mine eyes and doth my spirit damp.” The poem invites the reader to experience some of these ephemeral pleasures through its evocative language: we are witness to Apollo’s sensual embrace of the ocean, as he dips his heat into her cooling waves; to rural girls gathering dew as a beauty-aid in pastoral flirtation; to sunflowers bursting from the earth to court the sun; and even to the conjugal bliss of Pulter’s early marriage, imagined as the strains of musical harmony. However, the planets’ motions—such as the sun rising—also point to human dependence on astrological influence and a fallen world. Pulter’s neologism, “debreathe,” bespeaks the horror of a final earthly ending shorn of the hope of continued breath in eternity. Having alternated between these poles of despair and pleasure, the poem ends with the speaker confirming her faith in a bodily resurrection that will inaugurate proper vision of the Son’s rising and her promise to “exhale” praise (like this poem) while waiting for Judgment Day.
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i
1How canst thou heavy be? Now she appears,
2My pensive soul, that with her luster cheers
3All drooping spirits; lift up thy sad eyes,
4Behold how horrid darkness from her flies.
5Do thou but look how at the sight of day
6With sable wings
she2
, scowling, flies away.
7Look how
Aurora3
with her orient light
8Doth scorn and trample melancholy Night!
9Nay, pale-faced
Cynthia4
with her glitt’ring train
10Hides all away for fear of her disdain.
11But yet (alas) what
comfort’s5
in this light
12That is alternately pursued by Night?
13Instead of bringing of my soul relief,
14It doth
successively6
renew my grief.
15There is no cheerful light below the skies,
16Nor can we see it till we lose our eyes.
17Did I not hope my soul’s of heavenly birth?
18Let me be nothing
if I debreathe on Earth7
;
19But on condition of eternal glory,
20I am contented with my life’s sad story.
21For shame, my soul! Leave this base discontent,
22And
cheerly8
look up to the firmament.
23See how Aurora sprinkles dew-like pearls
24On
Ceres’s9
corn, gathered by rural girls
25To wash the freckles from their lovely face,
26That in their lovers’ eyes they may find grace.
27Alas, what beauty with such care
up-nursed10
,
28When Sickness, Age, and Grief (of all the worst)
29Have acted all their parts? Then comes pale Death
30And closes up their eyes and stops their breath.
31How empty and how vain is carnal love
32Compared but with a glimpse of joys above!
33I was in youth a modest virgin
bred11
34And brought with honor to my nuptial bed,
35To a most lovely youth and nobly born;
36Virtue and beauty did his youth adorn.
37Our music then had sweet and pleasant
closes12
,
38Crowned were our heads with
myrtle13
and with roses,
39Which to this hour are flowery, fresh, and green,
40
Though cypress buds14
were here and there between
41Stuck in by adverse fate to cool our love,
42Or
else that15
we should place our thoughts above,
43Where only is pure, true love and lasting peace.
44That love shall last when faith and hope shall cease.
45From heaven, my soul (from heaven), thy comfort springs,
46For earth (alas) nought but affliction brings.
47Look up once more; here’s
that16
thy heart will ease,
48Or surely nothing will thy fancy please.
49Mark how
Apollo17
this
salubrious18
morning,
50With dazzling beams his splendent face adorning,
51Comes glitt’ring forth in most
refulgent19
grace,
52Joying to run his
occidental20
race21
,
53Scorning his eyes should take a slumbering nap
54Until he lays in wanton
Thetis’s22
lap
55His
flagrant23
head; then she, in love,
belaves24
56His burning tresses with her cooler waves;
57And that sweet dew on flowers
redolent25
,
58Which breathes to us an aromatic scent,
59He with his heat exhales above our view,
60Which doth nocturnally descend in dew.
61See how the
solsequium26
thrusts her head
62Up through the center from that common bed
63Into the liquid
azure27
sea above her
64To follow
Phoebus28
, her admiréd lover;
65When he in our horizon
gives his race29
,
66Then in the air she shows her lovely face.
67So when he is our zenith at midday,
68She at full length her beauty doth display;
69But when the sun is
nadir30
to us here,
70She meets him in the other hemisphere.
71To see these marvels and this shining lamp
72Dazzles mine eyes and doth my spirit damp;
73For when I do his
orient31
splendor see,
74It more
discovers32
my deformity.
75If I but look upon his blazing beauty,
76He burns me black for failing so in duty.
77But if,
in innocence33
, I had stood upright,
78Nor sun, nor moon should hurt me day or night,
79But I (ay me) in Adam fell from glory,
80Which makes me live a life most transitory.
81
Then34
, those celestial orbs that shine so bright
82Should fellows be and further our delight.
83Happy should be their influence and dances,
84Both their
full-eyed35
aspects36
and secret glances.
85Then,
unto37
them I should be independent,
86Nor need I fear, though Saturn’s my
ascendant38
;
87But now I’m troubled, ready still to cry,
88’Cause at my birth some planet looked awry,
89Forgetting Him that them and me did make,
90Who of His children constant care doth take;
91And those celestial works of wonder,
92He knows their names, natures, and number,
93Their turning and their constant stations,
94And every influence of those constellations.
95In God, my soul, trust ever and depend,
96So shalt thou live a life that ne’er shall end.
97Nor be thou hopeless when thy body’s crumbled,
98And with all creatures in this mass is jumbled;
99But at thy death sing cheerfully a
requiem39
100For thou with joy shall, like the solsequium,
101Meet thy redeemer in a
horoscope40
102Brighter than this; thy flesh shall rest in hope,
103And thou shalt see thy Savior with these eyes,
104When that bright
sun of righteousness41
shall rise;
105With healing wings He shall, from my sad eyes
106And from all faces else, wipe off the tears;
107So from all hearts he will dispel all fears.
108O then (till then) send
grace42
into my heart,
109Which from my throbbing bosom ne’er shall part;
110But I’ll improve’t,
my43
few and evil days,
111Until it doth
exhale44
in thanks and praise.
Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.

Elemental Edition,

edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Walli

Editorial Note

The aim of the elemental edition is to make the poems accessible to the largest variety of readers, which involves modernizing spelling and punctuation as well as adding basic glosses. Spelling and punctuation reflect current standard American usage; punctuation highlights syntax which might otherwise be obscure. Outmoded but still familiar word forms (“thou,” “‘tis,” “hold’st”) are not modernized, and we do not modernize grammar when the sense remains legible.

After a brief headnote aimed at offering a “way in” to the poem’s unique qualities and connections with other verse by Pulter or her contemporaries, the edition features a minimum of notes and interpretative framing to allow more immediate engagement with the poem. Glosses clarify synonyms or showcase various possible meanings in Pulter’s time. Other notes identify named people and places or clarify obscure material. We rely (without citation) primarily on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the Oxford Reference database, and the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. When we rely on Alice Eardley’s edition of Pulter’s work, we cite her text generally (“Eardley”); other sources are cited in full. The result is an edition we consider a springboard for further work on Pulter’s poetry.

See the full conventions for the elemental edition here.

Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.
  • Leah Knight, Brock University
  • Wendy Wall, Northwestern University
  • A Solitary Discourse
    The title is not written in the main scribe’s hand (but in a hand that is probably Pulter’s). The poem is in the main scribe’s hand.
  • she
    Night
  • Aurora
    goddess of the dawn
  • Cynthia
    goddess of the moon
  • comfort’s
    comfort is
  • successively
    subsequently
  • if I debreathe on Earth
    Pulter here coins the term “debreathe,” apparently meaning to cease breathing yet remain material and worldly.
  • cheerly
    cheerfully
  • Ceres’s
    goddess of agriculture
  • up-nursed
    reared up, tended
  • bred
    trained, raised
  • closes
    endings of musical phrases
  • myrtle
    Sacred to the goddess Venus, myrtle was used as an emblem of love.
  • Though cypress buds
    The cypress tree was a symbol of mourning; cypress buds might refer to children dying young.
  • else that
    so that
  • that
    that which
  • Apollo
    the sun
  • salubrious
    favorable, healthy
  • refulgent
    radiant
  • occidental
    western
  • race
    course
  • Thetis’s
    In mythology, Thetis was a sea nymph or emblem of the sea; she was one of the daughters of Nereus and Doris (thus called Nereids)
  • flagrant
    blazing
  • belaves
    washes over
  • redolent
    fragrant
  • solsequium
    sunflower, heliotrope
  • azure
    blue
  • Phoebus
    the sun
  • gives his race
    follows his course
  • nadir
    directly opposite
  • orient
    radiant, eastern
  • discovers
    reveals
  • in innocence
    in the state of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden, before they sinned and were banished
  • Then
    in a prelapsarian world
  • full-eyed
    perfectly visible
  • aspects
    looks; viewpoints; relative positions of the heavenly bodies as they appear to an observer on Earth
  • unto
    with regards to
  • ascendant
    the degree of the zodiac at a person’s birth, which influences his or her life; here, Saturn, which was supposed to cause melancholy
  • requiem
    solemn chant for the dead
  • horoscope
    configuration of the planets
  • sun of righteousness
    Christ, with pun on “Son” of God; see Malachi 4:2: “But unto you that fear my name shall the sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings.”
  • grace
    benevolence received from God, which manifests in the giving of blessings and granting of salvation; here the speaker imagines receiving, nurturing, and returning grace.
  • my
    in my
  • exhale
    breathe forth
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