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The Many-Headed Hydra

Pulter refers to signs from heaven that humans think may portend some kind of political unrest, such as the shaking of a monarchy or the ending of an illegitimate government (25-28). She uses the term “Hidrian Monster” to allude to the many-headed and thus many-voiced beast that could represent government by the people. In Eikon Basilike, The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings, published just after his execution and presented as his final thoughts, Charles I condemns the hydra. Thomas Hobbes, in Leviathan, Or, The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Common Wealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil, similarly cautions against what the hydra represents.

From Charles I's Eikon Basilike

For, although I can be content to Eclypse My owne beames, to satisfie their feares; who think they must needs be scorched or blinded, if I should shine in the full lustre of Kingly Power, wherewith God and the Lawes have invested Me: yet I will never consent to put out the Sun of Soveraignty to all Posterity, and succeeding Kings; whose just recovery of their Rights from unjust usurpations and extortions, shall never be prejudiced or obstructed by any Act of Mine, which indeed would not be more injurious to succeeding Kings, than to My Subjects; whom I desire to leave in a condition not wholly desperate for the future; so as by a Law to be ever subjected to those many factious distractions, which must needs follow the many-headed Hydra of Government; which as it makes a shew to the People to have more eyes to foresee; so they will find it hath more mouthes too, which much [i.e., must] be satisfied: and (at best) it hath rather a monstrosity, than any thing of perfection, beyond that of right Monarchy; where counsell may be in many as the senses, but the Supreme Power can be but in One as the Head.

An excerpt from Charles I’s Eikon Basilike, The Pourtraicture of His Sacred Majestie in His Solitudes and Sufferings (London, 1648), pages 70-71, Early English Books Online. [original italics retained]
Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan

In like manner it belongeth to the Office, and Duty of the Soveraign, to apply his Rewards alwayes so, as there may arise from them benefit to the Common-wealth: wherein consisteth their Use, and End; and is then done, when they that have well served the Common-wealth, are with as little expence of the Common Treasure, as is possible, so well recompenced, as others thereby may be encouraged, both to serve the same as faithfully as they can, and to study the arts by which they may be enabled to do it better. To buy with Mony, or Preferment, from a Popular ambitious Subject, to be quiet, and desist from making ill impressions in the mindes of the People, has nothing of the nature of Reward; (which is ordained not for disservice, but for service past;) nor a signe of Gratitude, but of Fear: nor does it tend to the Benefit, but to the Dammage of the Publique. It is a contention with Ambition, like that of Hercules with the Monster Hydra, which having many heads, for every one that was vanquished, there grew up three. For in like manner, when the stubbornnesse of one Popular man, is overcome with Reward, there arise many more (by the Example) that do the same Mischiefe, in hope of like Benefit: and as all sorts of Manifacture, so also Malice encreaseth by being vendible. And though sometimes a Civill warre, may be differred [i.e., deferred], by such wayes as that, yet the danger growes still the greater, and the Publique ruine more assured. It is therefore against the Duty of the Soveraign, to whom the Publique Safety is committed, to Reward those that aspire to greatnesse by disturbing the Peace of their Country, and not rather to oppose the beginnings of such men, with a little danger, than after a longer time with greater.

An excerpt from Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan, Or, The Matter, Forme, and Power of a Common Wealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil (London, 1651), page 183, Early English Books Online. [original italics retained]