Editorial note
The aim of the elemental edition is to make the poems accessible to the largest variety of readers, which involves modernizing spelling and punctuation as well as adding basic glosses. Spelling and punctuation reflect current standard American usage; punctuation highlights syntax which might otherwise be obscure. Outmoded but still familiar word forms (“thou,” “‘tis,” “hold’st”) are not modernized, and we do not modernize grammar when the sense remains legible. After a brief headnote aimed at offering a “way in” to the poem’s unique qualities and connections with other verse by Pulter or her contemporaries, the edition features a minimum of notes and interpretative framing to allow more immediate engagement with the poem. Glosses clarify synonyms or showcase various possible meanings in Pulter’s time. Other notes identify named people and places or clarify obscure material. We rely (without citation) primarily on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the Oxford Reference database, and the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. When we rely on Alice Eardley’s edition of Pulter’s work, we cite her text generally (“Eardley”); other sources are cited in full. The result is an edition we consider a springboard for further work on Pulter’s poetry. See full conventions for this edition here.
Headnote
Karl Marx concluded that “Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.”1 Two centuries earlier, Pulter also shockingly imagined her deity as a drug for oppressed creatures, much like the herbal medicine used by the deer in this emblem. Chased by hounds and arrow-wounded, such a creature is also found in “Upon the Death of my Dear and Lovely Daughter, Jane Pulter” (Poem 10): but where the deer there dies, the hart in this poem eventually discovers dittany, a healing plant. This hart, skilled in herbalism, is so successful in self-medicating as to outrun all pursuers and attain a life that sounds, paradoxically, as restful as death itself, where in “sweet shades [she] doth rest in peace.” Such a restful death-in-life, or life-in-death, is also the goal of the soul, tenor to the deer’s vehicle: just as terrified, dogged by spiritual enemies, heart-broken, sighing, weeping, all but exhausted and indeed “dissolved”—when the soul finds her own, perhaps more enduring and saving, cure. The speaker concludes by asking God to “let me trust in Thee,” since her ordeal is not only to outpace foes but simply to believe in the efficacy of this legendary ancient medicine.Line number 1
Gloss note
deer (generally referring to the male)Line number 2
Gloss note
substances or fluids thought, at this time, to permeate the blood and organs and thought essential to the maintenance of lifeLine number 4
Gloss note
a medicinal plant supposed to be able to expel weapons and heal woundsLine number 10
Critical note
This phrase, still familiar and already active in Pulter’s lifetime as a wish for the dead, briefly suggests that the deer has died, rather than being saved by the dittany. This blurring of seeming opposites, salvation and death (figured as “rest” here and two lines later), alludes to the Christian context which follows.Line number 14
Gloss note
EarthLine number 17
Gloss note
beginsLine number 19
Gloss note
spiritual, incorporeal; in “ghostly foes,” the sense might include specters or devils, or figuratively worries and fearsLine number 20
Critical note
The pronoun is ambiguous: its immediate antecedent is “sins” (the true colors of which are shown), but the “ghostly foes” of the preceding lines could also be revealing the sins by means of their true colors. “To show one’s true colors” means to reveal one’s real character, especially when disreputable.Line number 23
Gloss note
disintegrated; weakened; destroyed; grew faint; dispersed; lost its binding forceLine number 23
Gloss note
losing heart, giving way; growing weak; swooning; fadingLine number 24
Gloss note
Jesus ChristLine number 25
Gloss note
envelop, entangle; entwine (as in a spiral form); render intricate; implicate in a charge or crime; contain implicitly; include or affect in its operation; overwhelm or swallow upLine number 27
Gloss note
breathe [out]; sigh [forth], or utter with a sigh, esp. longingly. Pulter’s poems are titled as sighs “breathed forth.” Sorry, but there are no notes associated with
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