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The Pulter Project
pulterproject.northwestern.edu
Poem 112

The Turtle and his Paramour
(Emblem 47)

Edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Wall
This poem was certainly not written for an era with heightened awareness of sexual harassment. With its moral based, as in so many of Pulter’s emblems, on a combination of zoological, mythological, and historical (or pseudo-historical) precedents, the speaker advises women seeking love to demonstrate “a virgin modesty”—which, in this case, involves playing hard to get, even in response to “desired embraces.” The female turtle at the heart of the poem is a surprisingly complex character: “as wise, as fair, as chaste, as coy,” she imagines (through the speaker’s focalization) accepting a mate as a matter of “sell[ing] her freedom,” and at once desires and fears the male’s embraces. The comparison of her to the mythological Daphne, who was not coyly seeking to increase Apollo’s desire but running from a would-be rapist, adds tension to the story of the turtle’s happy desire to get her man. While such complex motivations, especially in a turtle, are necessarily intriguing, there is also something more than slightly disconcerting in Pulter’s impassive likening of this successful courtship to a sword being stabbed through a vassal’s foot, and in her knowing invocation of a worn and wearing paradox: “love repulsed doth more increase desire.”
Compare Editions
i
1
When as1
that
genial2
universal fire
2Had in the turtle reinflamed desire,
3He, having found a beauteous
paramour3
,
4Her love and pity both he doth implore.
5But she, as wise, as fair, as chaste, as coy,
6Was loath to sell her freedom for a
toy4
;
7For having spied, above the waves, his head,
8She chastely his desired embraces fled.
9Love made him
nimble5
; fear made her make haste;
10So
Daphne from her lover fled6
as fast.
11At last,
his breath did move her flowing hair7
;
12E’en so the turtle did
o’ercatch8
his fair.
13Thus love than fear did prove more swift in chase,
14Which forced her yield unto her love’s embrace.
15So the
Grand Seignior9
makes his
vassals10
yield
16
When through their foot his cruel spear they feild11
.
17By this the women of this age may see
18Nothing gains love like a virgin modesty;
19For love repulsed doth more increase desire,
20As oil thrown on to quench augments the fire.
21Then, ladies, leave your
impudence12
, for shame;
22Let not the turtle have a chaster flame.
Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.

Elemental Edition,

edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Walli

Editorial Note

The aim of the elemental edition is to make the poems accessible to the largest variety of readers, which involves modernizing spelling and punctuation as well as adding basic glosses. Spelling and punctuation reflect current standard American usage; punctuation highlights syntax which might otherwise be obscure. Outmoded but still familiar word forms (“thou,” “‘tis,” “hold’st”) are not modernized, and we do not modernize grammar when the sense remains legible.

After a brief headnote aimed at offering a “way in” to the poem’s unique qualities and connections with other verse by Pulter or her contemporaries, the edition features a minimum of notes and interpretative framing to allow more immediate engagement with the poem. Glosses clarify synonyms or showcase various possible meanings in Pulter’s time. Other notes identify named people and places or clarify obscure material. We rely (without citation) primarily on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the Oxford Reference database, and the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. When we rely on Alice Eardley’s edition of Pulter’s work, we cite her text generally (“Eardley”); other sources are cited in full. The result is an edition we consider a springboard for further work on Pulter’s poetry.

See the full conventions for the elemental edition here.

Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.
  • Leah Knight, Brock University
  • Wendy Wall, Northwestern University
  • When as
    Seeing as; when
  • genial
    of or relating to marriage or procreation; natural
  • paramour
    object of love
  • toy
    amorous sport, dallying; amusement; trifling speech; idle fancy; thing of little value
  • nimble
    light and quick in movement; versatile; clever
  • Daphne from her lover fled
    In Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Daphne is a nymph committed to virginity who runs from the lustful god Apollo, who seeks to rape her; she is turned into a laurel tree by the gods in order to help her escape.
  • his breath did move her flowing hair
    Apollo’s breath moves Daphne’s hair when he is near enough almost to overtake her.
  • o’ercatch
    overtake
  • Grand Seignior
    the Ottoman Sultan
  • vassals
    subordinates; servants; subjects
  • When through their foot his cruel spear they feild
    “feild” was an early modern spelling for “feel.” The source for the claim that the Sultan threw spears at his subject’s feet is not known.
  • impudence
    immodesty, indelicacy
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