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The Pulter Project
pulterproject.northwestern.edu
Poem 73

The Indian Moose
(Emblem 7)

Edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Wall
What can we learn from the parenting habits of moose, apes, and eagles? Pulter proffers two lessons from the fauna whose examples she assembles here. The first is that we should show all our children “equal love”: the alternative is to spoil favorites, possibly to death, and neglect others so badly that they degenerate. This is the speaker’s lesson, which she points exclusively toward herself by poem’s end, as if it’s a principle she has trouble practicing. But mid-poem, her attention strays to the salutary way in which the moose (like human exemplars, biblical and mercantile) never puts her eggs in one basket but distributes her offspring widely so they cannot all be attacked at once. This pragmatic lesson has little to do with the high-minded invocation of equitable love: why are they in the same poem? So much is not clear; however, more than one of Pulter’s poems alludes to her far-flung daughters and her desire to bring them home. Perhaps the moose’s example made their distance seem more strategic, and thus more bearable; while the invocation to love all her offspring equally countered an impulse to do otherwise.
Compare Editions
i
1The
Indian moose1
three young at once doth bear,
2Which
trebles2
both her comforts and her
care3
.
3Them equally she loves, none worst or best:
4Not like the ape which doth her love attest
5By
huggling4
that she loves until it die;
6The other,
railing5
, at her back
hangs by6
.
7To see
her7
policy would make one
wonder8
,
8In placing
every one9
a mile asunder,
9That if her foes on one of them should light,
10The other two are savéd by this
sleight10
.
11The
patr’arch so divided his three bands11
,
12To save them from his cruel brothers’ hands.
13So merchants will not venture all they have
14Within three inches of the swelling wave.
15Let parents learn by what is writ above
16To manifest to children equal love:
17Not like the
eagle12
, who her young doth try
18By the transcendent brightness of
her13
eye;
19Those which can’t stare on
Sol’s14
refulgent15
face,
20She
disesteems16
as bastard brats and base;
21These,
wanting17
then her noble education,
22Degenerate to
kites18
and keep their fashion.
23So ’tis when parents do a difference make:
24Then, O, that counsel let me ever take.
Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.

Elemental Edition,

edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Walli

Editorial Note

The aim of the elemental edition is to make the poems accessible to the largest variety of readers, which involves modernizing spelling and punctuation as well as adding basic glosses. Spelling and punctuation reflect current standard American usage; punctuation highlights syntax which might otherwise be obscure. Outmoded but still familiar word forms (“thou,” “‘tis,” “hold’st”) are not modernized, and we do not modernize grammar when the sense remains legible.

After a brief headnote aimed at offering a “way in” to the poem’s unique qualities and connections with other verse by Pulter or her contemporaries, the edition features a minimum of notes and interpretative framing to allow more immediate engagement with the poem. Glosses clarify synonyms or showcase various possible meanings in Pulter’s time. Other notes identify named people and places or clarify obscure material. We rely (without citation) primarily on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the Oxford Reference database, and the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. When we rely on Alice Eardley’s edition of Pulter’s work, we cite her text generally (“Eardley”); other sources are cited in full. The result is an edition we consider a springboard for further work on Pulter’s poetry.

See the full conventions for the elemental edition here.

Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.
  • Leah Knight, Brock University
  • Wendy Wall, Northwestern University
  • Indian moose
    As Eardley notes, this account appears to be based in William Wood’s description of the moose in New England’s Prospect (London, 1634), p. 21.
  • trebles
    triples
  • care
    attention, nurture, or protection, but also trouble, concern
  • huggling
    an obsolete form of “hugging”
  • railing
    complaining (the manuscript has “wraleing,” which Eardley proposes as “wrawling,” meaning inarticulate crying).
  • hangs by
    The ape’s “other” infant might simply be clinging to its mother’s back, but a “hang-by” was a term of contempt for a hanger-on; given this and some senses of the verb “to hang,” the phrase might suggest the baby ape’s parasitical or burdensome dependence.
  • her
    i.e., the moose’s
  • wonder
    marvel
  • every one
    i.e., every one of her young
  • sleight
    stratagem, cunning policy, cleverness
  • patr’arch so divided his three bands
    The manuscript has “patriarch,” altered here to fit the meter. Eardley identifies the patriarch here as the biblical Jacob, who divided his children into three separate groups, so that his estranged brother Esau could not attack all at once (Genesis 33:1).
  • eagle
    Eardley, citing Philemon Holland’s translation of Pliny’s Natural History (1.272), explains Pulter’s next zoological exemplar: “it was a commonplace that eagles force their young to gaze on the sun in order to test their worthiness. Those that fail the test turn into kites, birds of prey considered inferior to the eagle.”
  • her
    that is, Sol’s, or the sun’s (in the next line)
  • Sol’s
    the sun’s
  • refulgent
    radiant, bright
  • disesteems
    disregards, despises
  • wanting
    lacking
  • kites
    a type of bird of prey; also, in Pulter’s time, a term of reproach
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