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The Pulter Project
pulterproject.northwestern.edu
Poem 69

Heliotropians
(Emblem 3)

Edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Wall
A blue flower rises “many cubits” high out of the centre of the earth in order to track the sun across the sky from east to west. The image is already arresting, but Pulter takes it further: for, even after sunset, the flower still follows—not merely wilting back to earth, however, but “break[ing] through all to meet her radiant lover,” even on the very opposite side of the world. The ferocity of this literally ground-breaking flower, so radically active in its solar loyalty, then becomes an allegory of an equally violent devotion in “those souls which are to God united.” Theirs is no passive piety, as makes sense in the embattled world in which Pulter and her ilk practiced their faith during England’s civil wars.
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i
1That many
heliotropians1
there be,
2Philosophers unanimously agree;
3But that a plant should in the
center2
grow,
4Few naturalists to find the truth will go
5So far below the caverns of the dead
6To find this
simple3
,
simp’ring4
in her bed,
7Which sends forth branches through the sea or earth,
8And, as the sun doth rise, begins her birth;
9Then, as
he5
higher doth in splendor go,
10Even so this
azure6
flower doth taller grow,
11And when he mounts to his
meridian7
height,
12Then many
cubits8
she doth stand upright
13Above the earth, when to the western
tracts9
14
Hesperion10
goes, her stature she contracts;
15Then, when he hurries down th’Olympic hill
16Lower and lower, this brave flower grows still;
17But when in
Thetis’s11
lap he lays his head,
18She sadly sinks into her earthly bed.
19When to
th’antipodes12
he doth appear,
20She follows him to th’other hemisphere,
21The earth or sea being everywhere above her,
22She breaks through all to meet her radiant lover;
23Even so those souls which are to God united,
24Though in this vale of tears they be benighted,
25Yet still a blessed influence from above
26Sweetly inclines them to a constant love:
27Though tyrants in their innocent bloods do wallow;
28Though they the martyrs in their deaths do follow.
29
Wheels, gibbets, precipices, crosses, flame13
:
30They’ll break through all to magnify His name.
31
’Tis neither power nor principality,14
32Dear God, can separate my soul from thee;
33Nor all the powers of Heaven, Hell, or Earth
34Can keep my soul from whence she had her birth;
35Though death
calcine15
my flesh and bones to
dust16
,
36In my first principles, I’ll in Thee trust.
37Nay, even my dust dispersed shall rest in hope
38To meet my Savior in a
horoscope17
39Infinitely than this, our
orb18
, more bright–
40Not interwoven, as now, with death and night;
41Then, though I sadly here sigh out my story,
42Yet am I sure to rise again to glory.
Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.

Elemental Edition,

edited by Leah Knight and Wendy Walli

Editorial Note

The aim of the elemental edition is to make the poems accessible to the largest variety of readers, which involves modernizing spelling and punctuation as well as adding basic glosses. Spelling and punctuation reflect current standard American usage; punctuation highlights syntax which might otherwise be obscure. Outmoded but still familiar word forms (“thou,” “‘tis,” “hold’st”) are not modernized, and we do not modernize grammar when the sense remains legible.

After a brief headnote aimed at offering a “way in” to the poem’s unique qualities and connections with other verse by Pulter or her contemporaries, the edition features a minimum of notes and interpretative framing to allow more immediate engagement with the poem. Glosses clarify synonyms or showcase various possible meanings in Pulter’s time. Other notes identify named people and places or clarify obscure material. We rely (without citation) primarily on the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the Oxford Reference database, and the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible. When we rely on Alice Eardley’s edition of Pulter’s work, we cite her text generally (“Eardley”); other sources are cited in full. The result is an edition we consider a springboard for further work on Pulter’s poetry.

See the full conventions for the elemental edition here.

Macron symbol indicating the end of a poem.
  • Leah Knight, Brock University
  • Wendy Wall, Northwestern University
  • heliotropians
    flowers which turn to follow the sun
  • center
    i.e., of the earth
  • simple
    a plant used as medicine
  • simp’ring
    perhaps in obsolete sense of “simmering”
  • he
    the sun
  • azure
    blue
  • meridian
    midday
  • cubits
    ancient unit of measure, approximately equivalent to a forearm
  • tracts
    regions
  • Hesperion
    In the manuscript, a long “s” appears written over another indecipherable letter; written thus, the word appears to merge “Hyperion,” and epithet for the sun, and “Hesperus,” a name for the evening star, which appears in the western part of the sky.
  • Thetis’s
    sea nymph, often poetically portrayed as receiving the setting sun in her lap
  • th’antipodes
    the opposite side of the world, and those who dwell there
  • Wheels, gibbets, precipices, crosses, flame
    instruments of torture and execution
  • ’Tis neither power nor principality,
    For this line and the next, see Romans, 8:38-9: “nor principalities, nor powers, ... nor any other creature, shall be able to separate us from the love of God.” Principalities are offices or officials, or the territories they claim.
  • calcine
    purify
  • dust
    here, the disintegrated matter of her dead body; also identified with “first principles” (of the next line), the originating elements of humanity as described in Genesis 2:7: “And the Lord God formed man [of] the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.”
  • horoscope
    an alignment of the heavenly bodies; the sense in this and surrounding lines is that the speaker’s disintegrated body after death (“dust”) will anticipate meeting Christ when the heavenly bodies align in a “horoscope” brighter than the current one.
  • orb
    Earth
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